Sweet wines, those made from dried grapes, as well as fortified wines, belong to less consumed style by modern consumers. Once considered as medical remedies for the treatment and rehabilitation of patients, sweet wines were always found in the tables of noble and wealth people, in particular to show off their wealthy status. Very expensive wines - something true for quality wines and those really made from dried grapes - they made the glory of certain wine areas of the world, a fame that, in many cases, is still alive today. It is enough to name a couple of them - Sauternes and Tokaji - in order to evoke in many wine lovers' mind the idea of an excellent nectar, both emblems of very high and historical quality. It must be said, for the sake of truth, most of the charm of these wines is also thanks to the effects of Botrytis Cinerea - also known as noble rot - capable of enriching the elegance of these wines.

 The decline of these prestigious wines is also because of the change of taste and fads of our times, in which dry wines represent the main wine making model. Sweet wines made from dried grapes and, even more, those made from grapes affected by noble rot, represent a quite demanding wine making task. Last but not the least, it is something quite expensive as well, because what you get from dried grapes is far lesser than what you get by making table wines. In general terms, dried grapes lose a significant quantity of water - and therefore juice - something which can also be more than 40% of weight, then making a far lesser quantity of wine. Despite of modern trends in consumption, sweet wines made from dried grapes represent one of the most complex and amazing sensorial exercises for any taster. The complexity of these wines is in fact the most demanding task any taster can experience from his or her glass.

 Sicily is a land of great sweet wines made from dried grapes. In this island are in fact made some of the most famous sweet wines of Italy, such as the renowned Passito di Pantelleria, Malvasia delle Lipari and Moscato di Siracusa. Sicily seems to be particularly suited for the production of this style of wines, not only for the generosity of sun, but also for the varieties particularly suited for the making of sweet wines. Protagonist of sweet Sicilian wines certainly is Moscato di Alessandria - known in the island as Zibibbo - which, besides being used for Passito di Pantelleria, is also found in many IGT sweet wines of the region. Coming from Egypt, Moscato di Alessandria was introduced in Sicily by Phoenicians and since then used for the production of sweet wines. Moscato di Alessandria seems to be so well suited for the production of sweet wines that even the name used in Sicily to call this grape can confirm that.

 The term Zibibbo in fact derives from Arab zabib, meaning “dried grape”, confirming the use they have always made from this variety, that is allowed to dry and consumed as a dried fruit or vinified. The best land for Moscato di Alessandria certainly is the charming Pantelleria island, the place where it is made the renowned “passito”, an absolute excellence of Sicilian and Italian wine making. Here vineyards, cultivated with the alberello technique, have a charming and particular character, cultivated in the typical terracing, a technique introduced by Arabs in this island. A viticultural practice unique and special, for which UNESCO wanted to nominate the “traditional agricultural practice of cultivating the vite ad alberello (head-trained bush vines) of the community of Pantelleria, as heritage of humanity. From these precious vineyards is being harvested Zibibbo grape and, after having properly dried under the sun, it is crushed and made a very sweet and dense must, used for the production of Passito di Pantelleria.

 Far from Pantelleria, we find another place where it is practiced a charming viticulture, that is the land of Cinque Terre, in province of La Spezia, Liguria. For the specific beauty of the place, coastlines, hillsides and how man has been capable of taking advantage of the nature of these places, Cinque Terre have been nominated by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site. In these lands are produced white wines with Bosco, Albarola and Vermentino grapes, including the famous Sciacchetrà, one of the most looked for and rare sweet wines made from dried grapes in Italy. Vineyards are cultivated in very steep terracing - pieces of land adapted from the wild nature - and vines are cultivated as bushes, a typical practice in areas characterized by strong wind. Viticulture and harvesting are done in quite extreme conditions as to require, in certain cases, the use particular monorail carriages running along the steep and rugged sides sloping down to the sea.

 In these lands, adapted from the severity of nature in order to allow the cultivation of vine, are harvested the precious grapes that, after having been properly dried, give life to the rare and precious Cinque Terre Sciacchetrà. The production of this wine is very low, also by considering the grapes cultivated in Cinque Terre are also used for dry white wines. Having a deep golden color, sometimes intense amber as well, Sciacchetrà is a sweet wine of rare elegance and complexity. This characteristic is also the result of the minimum aging time set by the production disciplinary and which must be of at least one year, at least until the first day of November of the next year following harvesting. Sciacchetrà is a rare wine and, maybe, also because of the limited interest for sweet wines of our times, it does not benefit from the fame of other wines belonging to the same category. This precious wine of Liguria however represents one of the highest and more prestigious excellences of Italian and worldwide wine making.

The color of Cinque Terre Sciacchetrà observed by tilting the glass

 The wines we will choose for our tasting will belong to the same vintage and must not however be older than two years. We should notice, first of all, Sciacchetrà is produced with three grapes - Bosco, Albarola and Vermentino - whereas Passito di Pantelleria is made from just one: Zibibbo. Moreover, it should be said that, as opposed to Moscato di Alessandria, the three varieties used for Sciacchetrà are not aromatic. We should also notice in the production of Sciacchetrà is usually favored a higher percentage of Bosco grape because of the thickness of its skin, a characteristic limiting the breaking of berries. A fundamental factor allowing the use of sound berries, as opposed to what happens when grapes having a thin skin are used instead. Wines will be poured in two glasses and tasted at the temperature of 15 °C (59 °F), in order to ensure the proper development of organoleptic qualities without favoring the excessive perception of sweetness.

 Let's pour the two wines in their respective glasses and begin our tasting by contrast from the analysis of appearance. Sweet wines produced with dried grapes have a special and noble appearance since the very moment we evaluate color. In these wines hues are deep and brilliant, also getting elegant golden colors and even amber. Wines of our tasting are no exception to this characteristic. Passito di Pantelleria shows in fact an intense and deep golden color, almost amber, with evident nuances of golden yellow. The appearance of Cinque Terre Sciacchetrà is, in general terms, deeper while showing an evident intense amber yellow color. Nuances, observed by tilting the glass and by evaluating the wine to the edge towards the opening, shows hues of the same color. The two wines show a good transparency, not so high, however allowing seeing the object put behind the glass.

 The evaluation of the olfactory profile certainly represents the most amazing and extraordinary part of the sensorial tasting of sweet wines made from dried grapes. Dense aromas, complex, sometimes complicated, sweet wines made from dried grapes - when produced with quality criteria - offer to the taster one of the highest educational exercise possible. So different from the typical aromas of table wines - and they too are of course charming - the evaluation of the olfactory profile of sweet wines produced with dried grapes requires a lot of concentration and attention. The richness of these wines is given both by the use of dried grapes - a process that, as a matter of fact, concentrates the juice inside the berry - as well as time and aging. These wines, besides being capable of aging for many years and becoming, at the same time, more complex, are usually sold after many months, even years, from harvesting.

 Let's proceed with the olfactory analysis of the two wines. By keeping the glasses in vertical position and without swirling, let's proceed with the preliminary smell of the two wines. Let's smell the glass of Passito di Pantelleria and, after that, the one of Cinque Terre Sciacchetrà: the aromatic difference of the two wines is evident. Moscato di Alessandria - or Zibibbo - offers to the nose an aromatic character similar to grape juice, whereas in Sciacchetrà this characteristic seems to be absent, while perceiving a strong aroma of raisin. Both wines offer to the nose a complex character in which can be perceived aromas of dried fruits, including dried fig, date and raisin. In Passito di Pantelleria can be perceived almond, whereas in Cinque Terre Sciacchetrà will be found walnut, while having in common candied fruits, honey and citrus fruit peel. Passito di Pantelleria sometimes offer to the nose aromas of lychee, lavender and aromatic herbs, including sage and thyme. In both wines can be perceived strong aromas of white and yellow fruit jams, in particular apricot and peach.

 The taste of Passito di Pantelleria and Cinque Terre Sciacchetrà seem to have more common characteristics instead of contrasts. The attack of the two wines, something obviously happening in this style, is characterized by an evident sweetness. The must used for the production of these wines is, as a consequence of the drying of grapes, very concentrated and dense, therefore in the mouth is perceived a full and robust structure. To this is also added a pleasing roundness and, for certain aspects, this is unavoidable, a characteristic increasing the pleasingness of these wines. Also alcohol, found in significant quantities in both wines, contributes to the increasing of sweetness and roundness, despite it plays a role in the balance of wine with its burning sensation. The fundamental element in these wines in order to reach a proper balance is represented by acidity, a factor making a sweet wine pleasing and elegant or sickly-sweet. In both wines it is in fact perceived a remarkable acidity: not just a pleasing sensation but also an essential factor for balance.

 Another amazing characteristic of sweet wines produced with dried grapes certainly is the finish, made of the sensations the wine leaves in the mouth after swallowing. The persistence of Passito di Pantelleria and Cinque Terre Sciacchetrà is very good, wines that - on this regard - will never disappoint with a very long finish. Both wines leave in the mouth a sensation of balance, in which can be perceived both sweetness and roundness, balanced by a pleasing acidity. The difference in these wines is expressed by the flavors perceived in the mouth. In Passito di Pantelleria can be appreciated the characteristic flavor of grape and dried apricot, whereas in Cinque Terre Sciacchetrà can be mainly perceived raisin, dried fig and honey, an undoubtedly elegant finish in both cases. Two great wines, coming from two charming lands in which viticulture represents - for certain aspects - a challenge between man and nature, capable of making divine nectars, generous of high and noble emotions.